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Topic summary · IGCSE handout

Differentiation summary

Differentiation finds gradients of curves. For polynomials, differentiate term by term: ddx(axn)=anxn−1\frac{d}{dx}(ax^n)=anx^{n-1}.

Files: 49_differentiation_handout.pdf · 49_differentiation_handout_answers.pdf · free public downloads · diagrams in the PDFs

Key learning points

  • Gradient function dydx\frac{dy}{dx}; stationary points where dydx=0\frac{dy}{dx}=0.
  • Second derivative test: d2ydx2>0\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}>0 local min; <0<0 local max.
  • Tangents and normals use the gradient at a point.

Worked example 1 — Differentiate

Differentiate y=3x4−2xy=3x^4-2x.

Working

dydx=12x3−2\frac{dy}{dx}=12x^3-2

Power rule.

Worked example 2 — Gradient at a point

y=x2y=x^2 at x=3x=3. Gradient?

Working

66

Differentiate, then substitute.

Worked example 3 — Stationary point

y=x2−4x+1y=x^2-4x+1. Stationary xx?

Working

x=2x=2

Set derivative to zero.

Scaffolded Learning Sheet and answers (PDFs)

This page is a short, searchable overview for revision and search engines. Use the Scaffolded Learning Sheet first, then the Answers PDF for a full written solution. The printable PDFs remain the main classroom resource.

Differentiation summary — worksheet & answers PDF